An Introspective Case Into James Joyce’s Araby Essay

He elegantly personifies the homes on North Richmond Street as â€Å"conscious of decent lives within them† which â€Å"gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces. † And the street itself â€Å"blind† (Joyce Pg. 328). These first few lines of the short fiction tale â€Å"Araby† indicate exactly what the story entails. What desperately awaits the reader, in James Joyce’s discovering tale of a young boy who comes to terms with his repressively strict yet illusory living environment, is a true reflection of the Authors own experiences as a Dubliner. The narration is intertwined with thoughts of escapism from a forever mundane existence which lacks form and emotional freedom. Whether the transparent symbolism, which balances this reflection, is strictly of religious reference or of purely psychological creed is not the discussion at hand. In fact, it is merely a coming of age tale with a religious undertone as Joyce never disappoints to tie his perspective on religion and life into his fiction. Araby begins by describing the town of Dublin, Ireland as quite forlorn and despairing; a place that is not necessarily filled with adventure and spontaneity, as through the narrators subjective eyes. â€Å"When we met in the street the houses had grown somber†¦towards it (the sky) the lamps of the street lifted their feeble lanterns. (Joyce Pg. 328)† With key words such as â€Å"somber† and â€Å"feeble† in the first few paragraphs alone, Joyce sets up a mood for the later plot. This description shows that the boy is not too fond of his surroundings in fact, undermining them. Traditionally this fictional plot may be best described as man verse society although, while relating Araby to Joyce we come to discover it may actually be man verses himself. The boy announces â€Å"the career of our play brought us through the dark muddy lanes†¦to the back doors of the dark dripping gardens† (Joyce Pg. 328). In one line alone the word â€Å"dark† becomes repetitive. Undeniably the author wishes to describe Dublin as the least of favorable places for a child’s youth. This may set up an indication into a piece of personal reference by Joyce. The boy, whose name Joyce chooses to remain anonymous, is apparently struggling with the ommunity he resides in just as Joyce had done. This struggle may be felt on a strictly psychological level; the boy feels trapped among various characters he comes into contact with throughout his daily routine; his guardians, the school master, the drunken men, bargaining women and shop boys of the market; and the English speaking girl of the bazaar. These characters all form a negative impression on his perspective of the community. The young boy recalls â€Å"my aunt hoped it was not some freemason affair† in response to his inquiry for leave to attend the Bazaar (Joyce Pg. 30). Freemasons are members of an underground brotherhood that were thought to be of extreme adversary to the ideals of the church (Griffin). During school the boy quotes â€Å"I watched my masters face pass from amiability to sternness† describing the strict, forceful education provided in Dublin (Joyce Pg 330). This may be a simple reflection of the various foes Joyce has dealt with during his time in Ireland. For example, Richard Ellman, a famous biographer of Joyce, notes that Joyce was, at one point, a slight alcoholic and had gotten in an altercation once in a bar in St. Stephens Green (Ellman 162). He also adds that while living with a man by the man of Oliver Gogarty, he was violently threatened with a pistol (Ellman 175). For Joyce, these are only a few of some of the harsh experiences living within Dublin. On the other hand, in Araby one character seems to contrast these emotions. An older, curiously mysterious girl, the sister of a close friend Mangan, seems to intrigue him in a spellbinding way. The young boy describes his first hand experience with her â€Å"Every morning I lay on the floor in the front parlor watching her door†¦. I had never spoken to her†¦and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood. (Joyce Pg. 329)† It seems the narrator is emotionally dominated by obsession. With the use of the term â€Å"foolish†, he apparently openly admits of the eventual conclusion to Araby when he realizes his befriending was merely a failed attempt at escapism. However, what sparks his interest in this specific girl is of the most riveting wonder. More importantly, what compels Joyce to construct such a romantic based use of symbolism is under more precise interrogation. He is using the romantic endeavor to figuratively illustrate the narrator’s inner struggle with society. A few indications amongst the introducing paragraphs that give clues to the narrator’s feelings are made apparent as he quotes â€Å"The blind was pulled down to within an inch of the sash so that I could not be seen. (Joyce Pg. 329)† In this line, Joyce signifies that his indifference to the Catholic culture may have been hidden as a child. â€Å"If I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration† may show his confused feelings regarding this imbalance of emotions he experienced in Ireland (Joyce Pg 329). He intends to portray a story of youthful ignorance and naive nature, rather than a tale of heartfelt admiration. He uses this plot to represent a theme that mirrors his own conclusion of Ireland; Joyce could not absorb his own creative nature as a literary artist out of such a prosaic culture as a child. It may have lacked the necessary hunger, stimulation, and curiosity he so desperately desired. In â€Å"The Years of Bloom: James Joyce†, writer John McCourt speaks of how Joyce had a furiously tempting early relationship with the Irish Roman Catholic Church (McCourt). He adds that Joyce also had an alter ego, Stephen Dedalus, which may help illustrate this inner conflict with religion and the community. His confused, indifference can be portrayed through this alter ego as it has been through the naive journey of the young narrator in Araby. As the story of Araby eventually unfolds, we learn that the young boy is deluded by his â€Å"crush. † During his first actual encounter, he learned of her involvement with a convent, which in reality would have rendered her â€Å"off the market† but the narrator disregards this important point. His vain nature causes him to continue this obsession and transcend it into the anticipation for attending the bazaar rather than facing the reality that she has vowed to the church in becoming a Nun. In fact, this transfer of obsession only shows that the stories underlying theme is not of romance but of self-love. As one critic explains the outcome â€Å"He has come to accept as just a life in which children play in joyless streets, girls cannot attend bazaars because of convent duties, old ladies collect used stamps for pious purposes, aunts mark time as â€Å"this night of Our Lord,† and even drunken uncles cannot resist moralizing. † After a chronology of events strengthens the narrators doubt and weakens his hope on winning over Mangan’s sister; he suffers from a sense of disillusion. In reference to the concluding thoughts of the narrator, as Coulthard implies, â€Å"[most commentators] omit religion from their list of disenchanting influences and regard â€Å"anguish† as the most important word in the narrator’s climactic memory of his disillusioning boyhood experience†(Coulthard). The boy reflects â€Å"Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger† (Joyce Pg. 32). This shows that the boy has not overcome but, in a sense, matured. He has learned of his mistake and has accepted his unfortunate circumstances. It has been said that Joyce traveled back and forth from Ireland to Trieste, to Rome, and then London, then finally Zurich by 1912 never to return to Ireland again (Geheber). It seems that the Narrators change of perspective throughout the tale reflects Joyce’s contrasting alter-ego and indecisive outlook of the Irish-Roman Catholic culture illustrated by his travels. This soul psychology of naive verses wise nature portrayed by the narrator’s emotional change seems to capture a piece of Joyce that has been seen throughout his confusingly indifferent feelings with his homeland and the foes he has encountered during his life. The narrator’s feelings towards the community also become more defined after his comment on a specific book discovered in the back drawing room of his home. Perhaps one of the most theme bearing points of the story, the narrator discovers three books. The first two speak of religious tolerance. â€Å"The Abbot† and â€Å"The Devout Communicator† are two stories that directly signal highly religious views of god fearing, law abiding people of extreme holiness. These are both two topics that have been known to frustrate Joyce (Geheber). An Abbot is a â€Å"superior of an abbey of monks† (Hyperdictionary) while being Devout is to be completely devoted to a pious belief (Merriam-Webster). This â€Å"Devotion† may go uncanny regarding whether the specific belief draws enormous sacrifice to livelihood. The last book, however, draws the boy’s interest; he quotes â€Å"I liked the last best because its leaves were yellow† in reference to â€Å"The Memoirs of Vidocq† (Joyce Pg. 328). The significance to Joyce and the theme of Araby provided by this single reference is intense. As Coulthard notes, â€Å"The Memoirs of Vidocq, the autobiography of a French policeman and soldier of fortune, would have provided vicarious escape from [this Catholic discipline]† (Coulthard). Eugene Francois Vidocq was a French man of the 18th century who is described as having a â€Å"mischievous nature† causing him to be â€Å"often at odds with his parents† (Fleisher). Joyce’s use of this reference in Araby has more significance than otherwise noted by the naked eye. Vidocq can also be compared to feelings of rebellion being that he ran away from home due to deceitful acts of betrayal towards his own father. â€Å"In the company of a young woman he ran off with, he traveled to various French seaports seeking passage to the ‘New World’ (Fleisher). † In the boy’s words as he describes the book as â€Å"yellow†, we notice a sense of relation to Vidocq as comparing the shade with a sense of bitterness and melancholy towards his own family and culture. Also, in a short biographical background of Joyce in â€Å"The Norton Introduction to Literature†, we learn that James Joyce had also â€Å"eloped† with a young woman Nora very similar to Vidocq’s journey of exile (Hunter Pg. 391)(Fleisher). This is merely a self-reflection by the author, who makes a strong note of incorporating his own experiences into this piece of literature. In the tale, Joyce continues to combine his own experiences living throughout Europe. It is said that immediately after graduating from the local University, as a young adventurous man, Joyce promptly fled to Paris (Ellman)(Hunter Pg. 91). Paris has always been known as a very artsy, open minded center of creativity (Walz). Descriptions of Paris in the early 20th century may draw upon one to conclude a grippingly lucid contrast to the setting so symbolically portrayed in Araby. Joyce describes the transportation during the young boys trip to the Bazaar â€Å"I strode down Buckingham street toward the station†¦I took my seat in a third-class carriage of a deserted train† (Joyce Pg. 331). He goes on to describe the slow speed of the train as an â€Å"intolerable delay. This is a great example of the large contrast to the well known metro system of Paris at the time. There is no question that Joyce’s comparison of Paris to his indigenous Irish ascetic culture greatly influenced the context of his work. In reference to the popular surrealist culture arising in 20th century Paris one critic quotes â€Å"In addition to its better known literary and artistic origins, the French surrealist movement drew inspiration from currents of psychological anxiety and rebellion running through a shadowy side of mass culture, specifically in fantastic popular fiction and sensationalistic journalism† (Walz). Surrealism was a movement of writers and artists that used fantastic images to represent unconscious thoughts and dreams very similar to the display of symbolism used by Joyce in Araby. Additionally, this â€Å"psychological anxiety and rebellion† are exactly the underlying emotions felt by the narrator through out his journey toward realism. Although Joyce was not a true surrealist, many of the techniques revolving around these literary methods can be easily seen within his work â€Å"Ulysses† (Ellis-Christensen). In this novel, Joyce uses the idea of a â€Å"stream of consciousness†. Although, less apparent, these same methods and techniques of thought will begin to emerge among the lines of Araby, but in a much more figurative sense. â€Å"I had hardly any patience with the serious work of life which, now that it stood between me and my desire†¦Ã¢â‚¬  expresses the Narrator speaking of desire and an inner struggle with himself. These emotions by the narrator most certainly may be shared by the author as well, which initially drove him to Paris and throughout Europe as a young scholar. As Joyce tells the story through the narrators first person perspective, views on life and religion seems to become much more metaphorical than otherwise noticed upon a single reading of the text. Additionally, in â€Å"James Joyce’s Concept of the Underthough†, Michael Harding explains Joyce’s use of existential thought in many of his works. He goes on to describe how famous Philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein’s works on logic relating to ethical and religious points of view had a profound impact on Joyce (Harding). As Robert C. Solomon defines existentialism, it is â€Å"disorientation† or â€Å"Confusion† from a world based on planned identity and freeing ones mind to think from a non-conditioned perspective (Solomon). This idea of â€Å"freedom† which can be seen in the line â€Å"when the Christian Brothers’ School set the boys free† is exactly what the narrator strived for in Araby. Alone, this line summarizes Joyce’s thoughts on religion and how it intrudes on his thoughts of existentialism. Therefore, the underlying religious context of the story is only added by Joyce as a reference to illustrate a conditioned existence. As Coulthard comments â€Å"But they were â€Å"freed† into an equally grim world where not even play brought pleasure†, he shows how the entire story clarifies an entire existence of conditioning which Joyce spends many years of external influence deflecting (Coulthard). This is the basis for the theme of escapism and is directly denoted by his many years of philosophic inquiring among other European nations. The entire theme, characters, and setting within the fictional tale of Araby have a much larger than fictional significance to Joyce’s life. Each line, phrase, and reference has a greater figurative meaning that applies to his struggles throughout his confused and imbalanced maturity while in Dublin. While never sure whether to accept the Irish Roman Catholic faith and always striving for something more, Joyce reflects on himself through the narrator of Araby and essentially uses this ale as his own form of escapism. He may have seen himself as an idealist, who felt hindered and limited in his childhood endeavors. From the description of a â€Å"dark† community, to the expression of initial hopefulness, and later self deceit he provides a plot to transcend his own feelings. With the addition of a romantic, yet philosophical context, Joyce clearly shows personal attachment of his perspective on religion and life into his fiction.

The Medieval Civilization

The greater part of medieval civilization was a time of simplicity and little cultural development. Feudalism was the structure that governed medieval society and came to represent this time period. The church became the universal symbol of medieval unity. Toward the end of the medieval period, however, town life and large-scale trade and commerce were revived. Great changes took place in the church fostering a new era and change. Feudalism was a system of government that provided the structure for the political, social, and economic aspects of medieval civilization. It consisted of contracts between members of the nobility and less powerful nobles who served as their vassals. Economically it was a contract between the serfs who farmed that land and the nobles who owned it. Feudalism was very complex and confusing in some ways, but it could also be looked at as very simple. It was constructed in a pyramid or chess board-like form. Kings were at the top although they did not have much power, lords and vassals followed the king and had control of the lesser nobles. The serfs were at the base of the pyramid. A manor, otherwise known as the lord†s estate, was where everyone lived and worked. In exchange for a place to live, food, and mainly protection, the serfs farmed the land. Agriculture was the foundation of feudalism, where land and food was used to barter for other items. There were different taxes and positions of distinct people on the manor. This illustrates the complexity of feudal life during the medieval ages. If you look at it as what the duties were of each specific class you see the simplicity of feudalism. Each member of medieval society had its own particular tasks to perform. The serfs preformed the most labor-intensive tasks and often did the same thing everyday. The knights protected the manor and the lords were responsible for taking care of everyone on their manor. The feudal system could be compared to a modern corporation. The serfs could be looked at as the workers, the lords as management, the knights to the security, and the king would be the CEO of the company. Feudalism was complex in its organization and simple it its implementation. During most of the medieval time period the church was the center of society and was the law of the land. The church regulated business practices, had the power to tax, controlled all people through the power of excommunication and had influence on the aesthetic aspects of life. The church exemplified both the simplicity and complexity of medieval life. Monks led a very simple life. Their days were spent working hard, studying, and praying. The church wanted to make life simpler by standardizing the rite, calendar, and monastic rule. It was more complex then simple however. The church held a great deal of power that was often in conflict with the monarch. The head of the church, the pope, spent much of his time in Rome while attempting to govern the rest of Europe. It was difficult to govern such a large geographical area while residing in a city that was not centrally located. In A. D. 1377, Pope Gregory XI left Avignon and returned to Rome. This was known as the great schism and it developed great entanglement in the popes† standing in medieval society. The crusades, while increasing the status of the pope, also increased the power of the monarchs over the nobles. Feudalism was broken down and the power the church was illustrated in the crusades. Certain aspects of the church tried to simplify life while other things only made it more complex. Population growth contributed to the migration of people from the manor to the town, which was the base of complexity in the later stage of the Middle Ages. A self-sufficient manor sometimes was the beginning of a town where people came to form a complex web of commerce and trade. Products were bought with money rather then used to barter for other necessities such as in the earlier stage of the Middle Ages. As the towns grew the people became dissatisfied with being ruled by the nobles and church. They wanted to govern and tax themselves, and eventually they began to do these things without the consent of the church or nobles. To better protect themselves the townspeople often joined together with people from other towns to form leagues. These leagues would band together to protect one another and promote trade. The people organized themselves even further with forming merchant and craft guilds. The guilds controlled the making and sale of particular products. Feudal lords as well as the church was concerned with the formation of towns. Townspeople were able to increase their wealth through the sale and manufacturing of goods, while the lords only produced what was needed for their manor. The serfs began to move away from the manor because they realized that they could have a better life if they lived in the towns. By forming autonomous towns, people created complex relationships between themselves and the monarchs and churches. This was the development of a more complex form of economic subsistence known as capitalism. Medieval civilization was a time of change in many different ways, both simple and complex. Feudalism was organized in a quite clear way yet the structure in which it was carried out and the roles played in it were confusing. The church†s power was very perplexing in that it had the power to run the government and economy. The way that the church wanted to standardize certain things was easy to understand. Towns were complex in their organization and in the way they divided the power among the common people and the nobles and church. Medieval society that was once based on faith became rooted in scholasticism. Many new ideas brought up through the medieval civilization forced the society to be both simple and complex in many aspects.

Every Rose has its Thorn Essay

The rose is a beautiful flower. Its appearance is positive; however a rose does have thorns; its thorns are a part of who it is. If a person wants to have a rose, he/she will also have to accept the thorns, even though they are painful. A rose can resemble a person whom you love; if you wish to love them you must also love them when they are at their worst of moods, which is the only way you can have them at their best. Roses are not perfect; they have blemishes just like everything else in the world. There was a rock song in the late 1980’s by the band poison. The lyrics were based on Bret Michaels’ life experience where he learned that while he was on the road touring, his partner was with another man. Upon learning of this upsetting news, he quickly wrote the lyrics with the help of his acoustic guitar, which eventually turned into the acoustic’s that can be heard throughout the song. Every rose has its thorn is an analogy that symbolizes both the good and bad things of a relationship, where love can be as sweet as a rose, but loss of love can be as harsh as rose thorns. Just like every night has its dawn, night and dawn, like a rose and thorns, further emphasize the contrasting perspective of love. In life everything is not going to be perfect. There is always something that looks to good to be true. Life is going to shovel dirt on top of you. The trick to getting out of the dirt is to shake it off and take a step up. Each of our troubles is a stepping-stone. We can get out of the deepest dirt piles just by not stopping, and never giving up. Shake it off and take a step upward Life is filled with ups and downs. We face problems every now and then. Like they say â€Å"Every Rose Has Its Thorn†, every problem that we face provides an opportunity to improve ourselves. If we manage to find the silver lining, we can convert those problems into opportunities for success. Read more:  Person you admire speech essay A negative that I have when managing my employees is when I give out an assignment, and it’s not followed the way I want it to be followed. Although it may have the same outcome, I tend to like it done the way I would have done it. At the end of the day as long as it is done the right way, it should not matter how it was accomplished. Therefore, when living life, keep in mind that every  rose has its thorn. In most cases the thorn represents a negative. When you encounter negatives, always try to turn it into a positive. Live so that the person you become in the future can look back with gratitude and admiration at the person you are right today.

Strategic Management of Next Plc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Strategic Management of Next Plc - Case Study Example "If only I knew then what I know now, I would have done things differently". (Halbleib, 1993, 803) public constantly makes this statement after they have implemented the incorrect corporate strategies. As we exist in era of entwining complication, acceleration, and ever changing market, making the correct decision is enormously significant for strategic planning. It is fair-haired to state that each organization and individuals have their sole set of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. "It is extremely vital that an organization determines its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as the competitors". (Halbleib, 1993, 804) by linking the SWOT examines with the fair scorecard, an association can balance its strengths Boosts its competitions' weaknesses, and optimise its opportunities within the market. Next is a UK based vendor contribution stylish, good quality harvest in clothing, footwear, accessories and home products. The group first and foremost operates in the UK. It is headquartered in Ender by, Leicester, and employs about 39,000 people. The group recorded revenues of 3,283.8 million during the fiscal year ended January 2007, a BOOST of 5.7% over 2006. The operating profit of the group was 507.5 million during fiscal year 2007, a boost of 8.2% over 2006. The net profit was 331.5 million in fiscal year 2007, a boost of 5.7% over 2006. Next's Mission Statement Next's mission is to be the natural choice retailer in the UK for fashion aware men & women who expect style, distinction & quality from their clothing Business Description Next is primarily engaged in vending, and customer excellences management. The group operates 480 stores and has operations in the UK, the Middle East, Asia and other European countries. The group giving its services through five business separations: Next retail, Next directory, Ventura, Next sourcing and other. Other segment includes investment in associates; Choice Discount Stores Limited and Cotton Traders Holdings Limited. The Next trade separation is engaged in the vending of fairly priced clothing for men, women and children. It also sells house wares and furniture through 480 stores in the UK and Eire. This separation also has franchisee stores in Europe, Asia and the Middle East. The group currently has 129 franchise stores in the Middle East, Russia (13 stores), Turkey (5), India and Thailand. The Next directory separation markets women's wear, mens wear, children's wear, home products, accessories and jewellery through direct mail catalogues, phone and a transactional website with more than 2 million active customers. The Ventura separation provides call centre and customer support excellences to NEXT and other companies. It operates across many sectors including telecom, utilities, monetary excellences, travel, media and the public sector. Ventura employs about 10,000 people. It has a call centre in the UK and another call centre in Pine, India, which handles business on behalf of Next Directory and two other clients. The Next sourcing separation has operations in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Romania, Sri Lanka, Turkey, the UK and other locations. It is engaged in the design,

Diffusion in aluminium alloys, Hot deformation (rolling) of aluminium Dissertation

Diffusion in aluminium alloys, Hot deformation (rolling) of aluminium alloys and its dynamic recovery, dynamic recrystallisation - Dissertation Example The activation energy and diffusion constants are calculated using a variety of factors like the solid solubility, alloying content and the state of the matrix microstructure in terms of grain boundary size, dislocation density and vacancy concentration [PAPM]. The mean distance travelled by the atom during diffusion in turn is dependent on the rate of diffusion D as follows: L = (Dt)? Where L = the mean distance travelled by the atom. t = time (s) All atoms above absolute zero (-273oC) vibrate and the frequency of vibrations acts as the driving force for the movement of the atoms or for their diffusion. The frequency of vibration and diffusion increases with the rise in temperature. However, for atoms to be able to move from one lattice point to the other, the atoms need to overcome the activation energy. This activation energy is low around the metal surface and at the grain boundaries, and this is the reason for the high concentration of the precipitating solute at the grain bound aries. ... Also, temperature has a greater effect on the diffusion distance compared to time as increasing the temperature increases both the number of vacancies in a metal as well as the energy of the diffusing atoms (Wolverton, 2007). Thus, in an increased temperature, atoms are able to diffuse faster and farther. The rate of diffusion differs for atoms of different alloys and hence the reduction of micro-segregation with homogenization differs for different alloys due to the difference in their compositions. As seen from the diffusion equations presented above, the distance that atoms need to travel (which depends on the dendrite arm spacing, the relative abundance of atoms) impact on the time and temperature needed to attain the desired level of diffusion for reduction of micro-segregation. Figure1: Relative homogenization times for given dendrite cell sizes and temperatures in common aluminum alloys. (Source: Chakrabarti, 2001) According to Verlinden et al [1990] found that the dissolution of theta and S particles in an as-cast 2024 billet during a homogenization at 460oC was not possible even after 24 hours. The volume fraction was found to decrease with time but with an associated coarsening of the remaining S and theta particles resulting in coarser particles than when in the as-cast condition. A homogenization temperature of 500oC was found to completely eliminate both the S and theta particles. Due to the distances that diffusing solute atoms travel during practical homogenization treatments, these treatments are effective at removing microsegregation effects but may have little impact on macrosegregation. 2.2 Theory related to Hot Deformation Hot rolling is the

Proposal on Energy Management Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Energy Management - Research Proposal Example So, one sees US invading Iran and Middle East to get its hands on the oil reservoirs, Pakistan shifting from natural gas to coal and other countries following the same pattern (Fawkes, 2007). Another reason energy management has gained so much importance in the past few decades is because the world as a whole has undergone industrialization largely (Beggs, 34, 1999). From industrial revolution to the internet boom of 90s, there are very few economies left, which have not adapted to the change and these economies are either isolated or agrarian. All the rest of the economies have adapted to the change that the industrial revolution brought, and therefore are heavily reliant on industries, machineries, factories, and technology for their very subsistence and sustenance. More, these industrial economies need magnanimous amount of energy resources to run their respective economies without crashing (Moss, 28, 1994). Thus, energy management and optimal usage of this energy turns out to be the most pressing concerns of the economic systems around the world (AEE, 89, 1991). Out of all the energy resources, oil and gas serve to be the most widely used and thus the most significant ones of all. With their easy accessibility and efficiency of usage, economies have strived to never run out of these two energy resources. However, in the light of recent economic recession, many economists and observers think that the production of oil and gas is falling short of their respective requirements. This paper is an attempt to propose some guidelines for oil and gas industries to come at par with the growing demand of sustainable energy round the world and to highlight its importance. As the proposal suggests, the exploration and production of oil and gas needs acceleration in order to come at par with the current demands. Literature Review As one seeks to understand the mechanisms of energy management, two very important terms come up. Energy Intensity: It is a measure of energy r equired per unit output. Thus, using less energy to derive a product reduces energy intensity. Energy Efficiency: Inverse of energy intensity, energy efficiency increases when the given units of output results from diminished levels of energy input or a given level of energy is followed by an improved level of output or the service intended. Thus, energy intensity increases when energy efficiency is reduced and vice versa. As one compares different industries that produces materials for energy production, one finds that all industries are subjected to change. The changes can be structural like a shift in the product ranges from higher energy-intensive to lower energy-intensive or behavioral depending on the target market and their fluctuating inclinations. It is now important to turn to the issue at hand: how can oil and gas industry learn from other industries with regard to efficient energy usage and production efficiency? As a template, it is ideal to juxtapose China’s flo urishing coal industry to America’s oil and gas industry; and bridge connections and comparisons between the two. One of the main features of China’s coal industry is that it is a home industry and China manufactures all the coal by itself. This reduces its imports by a great margin. On the other hand, US economy imports coal from gulf regions and is therefore highly dependent on other countries for its economy (Petrecca, 45, 1993). Another important factor to consider when

Question answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Question answer - Assignment Example This, to market observers, is an aggressive strategy that has led them to court over intellectual property with Apple. Samsung pivots and launches its products quickly with each product offering different features. It studies the market needs and pushes products that are successful while killing the failures. It has differentiated itself from Apple by developing phones with larger screens, impressive features, listening to consumer demands and successful marketing. Nestle is another example of a company that regards the USA as a foreign market. Being a global organization, Nestle adopts competitive strategies when entering into new markets. Most of its products are dairy-based and for this reason, it first undertakes direct investment in the dairy and other food businesses. In terms of sales, Nestle usually attempts to maintain low risk and low growth; this ensures that its growth is steady thereby maintaining the confidence of stakeholders. In the USA, a developed market, Nestle gains economies of scale through the aforementioned strategy; foreign direct investment. This investment is directed into big companies handling both dairy and food-related products. Another strategy that is effective is entering into partnerships with large companies. The most notable partnership is the one with Coca-Cola, which enable Nestle to benefit from the worldwide bottling system of Coca-Cola. Licensing despite being a solid foreign market entry strategy it has its own risks and downsides. Licensing refers to an agreement that involves the selling of rights to the licensee to reproduce intellectual property of the licensor. First, if the licensee firm is competitive and rapidly growing it may develop into a future competitor to the licensor firm. Another risk that should be taken into consideration is the misuse of the trademarks by the licensee firm, which often leads to the violation of the licensing agreement. The licensor